Critically Analysis of Refugees

Question: Talk about the Critically Analysis of Refugees. Answer: Presentation: The motivation behind the investigation is to fundamentally break down the ongoing circumstance of outcasts and transients. Dislodging of individuals has made a serious strife circumstance in the financial and political state of the general public. The investigation centers around the negative and positive methodology of the political bodies towards the expanding penetrates and outcasts from various districts of the world. A basic assessment of the methodology of legislative bodies towards the expanding instances of movement and asylum will be continued. Basic examination: As brought up by Curtis (2016), 2017 will be a more terrible year for the displaced people and transients contrasted with 2016. Displaced person escape has for quite some time been a political point in the West. Expanding transients from the areas like Syria, Iraq, and Greece have been in features in the ongoing time. With the expanding number of human removal, response of the legislature towards the circumstance has likewise changed. So as to check the expanding vagrants, government has found a way to construct dividers and guaranteed expulsion to close the entryway for the outcasts. Recently chose US President, Donald Trump has demonstrated the cruelest way to deal with boycott the expanding penetration of outcasts that has made a worldwide mix in the ongoing time (Gregor and Heal 2015). Keeping a restriction on the settlers would not be the ideal answer for control the debasing state of the ongoing socio-political circumstance. Perusing Kirchgaessnder (2017), it has been discovered that with the expanding transients, 28% expansion in the quantity of families and people have been found because of expanding relocation. Keeping a similar occurrence into thought, it has been expected that 2017 will be all the more testing. In the view purpose of Curtis (2016), individuals are prepared to invite evacuees however the administrative activities are brutal and unfeeling. So as to make brief timeframe progress, the lawmakers have been found to rehearse uncaring methodology towards the outcasts and the residents. On the off chance that these circumstances are mulled over, it must be said that the circumstance for the transients is debasing in the ongoing time. The legislators and the administration ought to be answerable for undertaking approaches that would profit individuals. The corrupting circumstance in the areas of Syria and different spots has made tremendous pain in the general public (Gregor and Heal 2015). O n the off chance that the legislature would not be sufficiently strong to these individuals, at that point philanthropic idea would be lost. A few methodologies have been made to help the voiceless and the disappointed individuals of the general public. Concentrate has been made on to endeavor to realize meaningful and lasting improvement in their lives. As remarked by Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon that we are one-mankind with shared obligation. There has been a mix in the ongoing helpful mediations and the size of philanthropic debacle has been developing since 2014 (Refugeesmigrants.un.org 2017). As evaluated by U.N. the world clash has uprooted more than a great many individuals. These circumstances should be checked with quick consideration. The philanthropic needs have expanded multiple times thinking about the mind boggling crises. It has become a typical sight that the Syrian, Iraqi and the Afghani displaced people are currently entering in the European nations in tremendous numbers. Keeping the comparable political circumstance into thought, the legislature is found to spend greater part of funds on the issues of displaced people instead of some other compassionate projects (Kpozehouen et al. 2016). The spending incorporates detainment programs, food vouchers, and reconciliation and lodging programs. This has consequently expanded the spending of the legislature on the Syrians in worldwide fringe than it is normally spend on them in their household outskirt. Every one of these examples are certainly going to influence the monetary state of a spot whose political body happen to spend on these outcasts and vagrants (Curtis 2016). Hence, there is no quandary that the administration needs to keep a beware of the general circumstance and on occasion in-compassionate methodology must be taken. End: With the nitty gritty investigation, it has been comprehended that the circumstance of the world as far as movement is declining. Understanding the viewpoint of administrative bodies in the intercessions of the evacuees and the transients, it tends to be said that considering the financial and socio-political angle, government needs to take severe choice to stop penetration. In any case, along these lines the compassionate methodology of government is lost. References: Curtis, K., 2015 How Europe is aggravating the displaced person emergency even Available at: https://www.undispatch.com/how-europe-is-production the-outcast emergency far more detestable/[Accessed on: 5-4-2017] Curtis, K., 2016 Humanitarian emergencies are up. Could the world meet up to help? Accessible at: https://www.deseretnews.com/article/865655580/Humanitarian-emergencies are-up-Can-the-world-meet up to-help.html [Accessed on: 5-4-2017] Gregor, N. also, Heal, B., 2015. Displaced people and Migrants. Kirchgaessnder, S., 2017 EU movement emergency: outskirt organization blamed for mixing contention Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/05/eu-relocation emergency frontex-human dealers [Accessed on: 5-4-2017] Kpozehouen, E., Heywood, A.E., Kay, M., Smith, M., Paudel, P., Sheik, M. what's more, MacIntyre, C.R., 2016. Improving access to inoculation for transients and displaced people: proposals from a partner workshop.Australian and New Zealand diary of general wellbeing. Refugeesmigrants.un.org 2017 Available at: Addressing Large Movements of Refugees and Migrants https://refugeesmigrants.un.org/un-displaced person office 2016-deadliest-year-outcasts crossing-europe-focal mediterranean [Accessed on: 5-4-2017]

Opportunity costs are other uses of resources Essay

The open door cost of any activity is characterized as the following best option in contrast to that activity. The idea of chance expenses clarify that for each open door sought after, there is an expense related with that chance. Each decision has an exchange off in light of the fact that one would for the most part quit any trace of something for the primary decision, given one’s constrained assets. Constrained assets infer shortage, and a rare asset utilized for one thing implies that some other thing is inescapable. Opportunity costs are typically evaluated as far as cash, however it can likewise be considered as far as anything that is esteemed of significant worth to the organization, for example, time, creation or mechanical yield, or some other sort of constrained asset. The open door cost is typically the distinction of significant worth between the principal decision and the alternativeâ€for model, the contrast between the genuine exhibition of one’s current speculation and some other wanted venture is viewed as the open door cost of that speculation. Another open door cost that ought to be considered incorporates the cost putting a company’s assets in new capital merchandise in lieu of its present creation of customer products. Other sort of chances that would have related open door costs incorporate contributing, providing capital, buying merchandise, setting aside cash, and specialization. <p

Congratulations! You have been named

Congratulations! You have been named… Time Magazines Person of the Year. Its you. The person reading this right now. In fact, those of you who are avid blog readers, writers, and commenters are an even bigger part than others. Heres a brief summary of the article- lots of things happened in 2006, but one of the biggest was the general explosion of user-created on-line content. YouTube and MySpace and Facebook and even Wikipedia. And straying a little farther from the Internet theres user-generated software like Linux. I dont usually blog about magazine articles here. But I am so, so excited after reading this, because open-source is quite possibly my favorite thing. Ever. Seriously. Ive been writing some form of a blog since I was in the 8th grade. I think wikis are brilliant creations- not just Wikipedia itself, but smaller, themed wikis as well. Yes, just like Weird Al, I edit wikipedia. And speaking of Weird Al- even our music is being influenced by this fancy thing called the Internet. Smaller bands can get their music out there for anyone to listen to. I know I have Bens band on my iPod. =P One of my favorite books ever is The Revolution Will Not Be Televised by Joe Trippi. He was Howard Deans campaign manager in the 2004 presidential campaign. I highly recommend this book to anyone- no matter where your political opinions lie. (I personally am an independent- I think political parties are too busy hating each other to get it right more than half the time.) If you disagree with the political left, you may find yourself rolling your eyes every once in awhile (I know I did), but even though the book follows the trajectory of Howard Deans campaign, thats not what its about. Its about the oxymoron of the 21st century- national grass-roots efforts. Its about how people from all over the country who felt disenfranchised by their government were able to turn on a computer and actually help run the campaign of the man they wanted in the White House. It doesnt matter if you didnt want the same guy to win- its the method that matters. It didnt even matter so much that they lost in the end- it mattered that these people were able to care about politics again, were able to feel as if they were in control of their own government, like they should be. Nothing gets me more excited than grass-roots. I get excited by other people being excited. I would be thrilled if 10,000 more young voters went to the polls and all voted against what I believed in, just because I wish people in this country would actually vote! Im filing this entry under the MITs Mission: Who We Are for a couple of reasons. One is pretty simple- I go to MIT, and this is who I am. I cant say for sure, but this aspect of my personality was probably one of the reasons that my application was sorted into the admit pile. Because the truth, and my second reason, is that this is what MIT is, at its core. Hacking and open-source both have deep roots at MIT. (I always get kind of annoyed when people outside of MIT laugh at us for calling pranks hacks. Its like, hey, we created the word, we can use it however we want!) People here are very much into taking things apart, seeing how they work, and using that knowledge as power. We want to change the world with knowledge, and with the Internet, we can redistribute knowledge and trade and expand it millions of times more quickly than ever before. You can see that all over MIT- our podcasts (like Zig-Zag), OpenCourseWare, even the blog Im writing right now. These are all our attempts to overcome the obstacles of the past- time, space, wealth- and remake the world with the power of information. Thats MITs Mission. And thats what makes us excited to be here.

Aristotle s Theory Of Happiness - 1651 Words

Human Being Can Actually Live a Contented Life Happiness is one of the biggest subjects that have the most influence in a person’s life in today’s world. People have discovered that happiness is actually related to multiple benefits of our mental and physical health. Every person wants to experience true happiness throughout his/her life. Nevertheless, everyone is suffering finding sustainable happiness. Aristotle, in his work called Nicomachean Ethics, presents the concept that living a virtuous life will produce sustainable happiness for a lifetime. According to Aristotle, everything we do aims to some goods, or ends, and for him, the best good would be happiness. Additionally, he mentions that happiness is not easy to defined, some people are confused between happiness and other things. Besides, he also suggests that virtue is essential for achieving happiness as the ultimate goal. He further indicates that the soul and its virtues is based on â€Å"the mean† between two extremes, one of excess and the oth er of deficiency. That is, Aristotle’s theory of the mean can work to bring us sustainable happiness because the balancing act goes on all through life and it is a way for us to improve our character, to deal with the inevitable hardships of life and to strive for the â€Å"best good†. Therefore, to live in a virtue life, we must live in the mean, and if we do so, we will experience satisfaction. Aristotle’s argument in the Nicomachean Ethics, that living one’s life in â€Å"the mean†,Show MoreRelatedAristotle s Theory Of Happiness1782 Words   |  8 PagesHappiness is intangible. It cannot be measured, touched, nor can it be profitable. Yet, it is the soul thing people seek in life. This prompts the question: how can one truly be happy? The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, argues in the Nicomachean Ethics that in order to be virtuous, we must act moderately. However, Bataille, a 20th century French philosopher, argues in The Accursed Share that huma n life is inevitably excessive, and that we need to waste gloriously. These adverse theories cause a paradoxicalRead MoreAristotle s Theory Of Happiness2319 Words   |  10 Pagesanalogy works perfect to support this theory that happiness is the highest influence. He claimed that a beach dumb does not do anything productive all day, but lay on the beach and soak up sunrays, many people view that as a waste of life. However, Aristotle argues that it is not a waste of life because people naturally want what makes them happy. Most people view getting a job and working hard to gain money as happiness likewise, the beach bum is achieving happiness in his own way by choosing to do whatRead MoreSimilarity Between Religion And Utilitarianism813 Words   |  4 Pagesare judged according to their consequences and the relevant consequence of every action is happiness. There is a similarity between religion and utilitarianism. For example, love includes wanting happiness and religious princip les such as loving others the way you love yourself and doing to others what you expect them to you are founded on utilitarian principles. The ultimate goal for a utilitarian is happiness, which is also the main objective of religion. Utilitarian ethics replicates the main religiousRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Theories Of Utilitarianism And Kantian Ethics1408 Words   |  6 PagesThe ancient theories of Plato and Aristotle differ greatly from the contemporary theories of Utilitarianism and Kantian ethics. Plato and Aristotle focused on the importance of virtue in an individual’s life. Plato believed that purity of the soul was the most important thing in life and can be achieved by mastering the four virtues: justice, wisdom, courage, and moderation. Aristotle believed that the goal of human life was to achieve happiness, which is made possible by the cultivation of a justRead MoreAristotles Contributions to the World: An Analysis1368 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Aristotle Aristotle Introduction If liberty and equality, as is thought by some are chiefly to be found in democracy, they will be best attained when all persons alike share in the government to the utmost. Law is order, and good law is good order. Man is by nature a political animal. ~Aristotle Philosophers, historians, scientists, politicians and other professionals across many disciplines consider Aristotle to be one of the greatest and prolific figures of the civilization of AncientRead MoreAristotles Philosophy on Purpose Essay884 Words   |  4 PagesAristotle, the last of the great Greek philosophers. He roamed Ancient Greece from 384 BC until his death in 323 BC. In this time, he wrote an enormous amount of works, a variety of books from metaphysics to politics and to poetry. His variety is exceptionally impressive. His greatest known works are the Athenian Constitution and Nicomachean Ethics. Aristotle’s works of Ethics explore a vast area of topics. He states, â€Å"The goal of the Ethics is to determine how best to achieve happiness.† In orderRead MoreAristotle And Heidegger s Theories About Ethics1525 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle and Heidegger have contrasting theories about ethics. As Heidegger wrote his theories two thousand years later, it comes to question, is Heidegger is just contrasting Aristotle because as later stated it is hard to achieve both theories at the same time. Aristotle main points are trying to pursue excellence with reason and Heidegger compares one s authentic self and inauthentic self. This paper is discussing each philosophical theory pertaining to ethics and how these two philosophersRead MoreAristotle s Ethical Theory Of Ethics Essay1194 Words   |  5 Pagesand virtues of human beings. Ethics has to do with what is good or bad. It can be summed as a method by which we categorize our values and persue them. Aristotle’s Ethical Theory Aristotles philosophical expanation of ethics was an attempt to offer a rational response to the question of how humans should best live. Aristotle defined ethics as guiding morals and principles that construes humans towards living a better, fullfilled life as a result of being prudence by applying practical wisdom inRead MoreWhat Makes The Good For Humanity?819 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion 1 Aristotle talk about what is the good for humanity and this will be for humans to be a vitreous person. Examples of some of these vitreous are courage, loyalty, integrity and moral. If ours society wish to succeed, we need to be a vitreous person. According to Christians, a vitreous person is the ideal person such as Christ in the bible. If we apply this kind of thinking we could build a good society and country. Question 2 Duty ethics also known as Deontology states that the individualRead MoreAncient Greek Philosophers Who Have Helped Shape The World1350 Words   |  6 Pagestwenty centuries ago, Greek philosopher Aristotle laid out the foundations of Western culture. The principles of Greek philosophy implemented its way into encompassing a persons point of view or their knowledge on society. Aristotle has helped improve and transmuted the world by his views on ethics and virtues he has instructed and justified thoroughly and the endowment of philosophy and science, whereas he created a comprehensive system of subjects. Aristotle has laid out virtues, which is the important

The Cask Of Amontillado, By Edgar Allen Poe - 1073 Words

Try to imagine how you would feel if every family member you truly loved died. Edgar Allen Poe didn’t need to imagine this situation; he lived it. Poe had a miserable childhood. He lost many of his closest loved ones to death, which affected his mind. He became focused on death and its effects on those left behind. His obsession with death and loss can be seen in most of his writings. If one looks carefully at five of Poe’s writings, â€Å"The Raven,† â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† â€Å"The Black Cat,† and â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher,† one can see that there are patterns and similarities in his many diverse stories. However, despite some similarities, Poe’s main characters are generally different. Within the five aforementioned stories, it is clear that the main characters are all easily recognizable and different than each other. The narrator of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† is wealthy, as we can see from his mansion and his wine collection, and in control of himself at all times, which is how he manages to avoid getting caught for his crime. On the other hand, the narrator in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† does not seem to have much money, since he rents a room in the old man’s house. He also loses control of himself, first committing his crime, then getting caught for it when he can’t handle hearing the beating heart any more. In â€Å"The Black Cat,† the narrator starts out rich, living in a large house with many pets, but loses it all in a fire. Similarly, hisShow MoreRelatedThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe992 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allen Poe had many pieces of literature, but one in particular â€Å"The Cask of Amontil lado† reflected his personality. It is a short story that can be read easily, and can take on many ironies. The several ironies can point to the fact that Poe himself was implanted into the story as he was a mysterious man. There are several characters with different personalities often interpreted as Poe hiding his dark side which would be â€Å"Montresor†. The other personality Fortunato could be that drunken personalityRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe953 Words   |  4 Pagesseek revenge. â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† is a short story by the American poet, editor and story writer Edgar Allen Poe. This story is a tale of revenge touching on the darker sides of human nature and at what lengths a man will go to achieve vengeance. We are told by our narrator Montresor that he had been insulted by a wealthy wine connoisseur named Fortunato. Montresor picks him out of the carnival and lures him into his wine cellar with promise of a renown sherr y wine, Amontillado. Fortunato is baitedRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe1052 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Allen Poe was one of the most famed authors of death, decay, and depression in the 18th century. Poe started his writing career during the Romantic literature period, a period focused on nature, emotions, and a fascination with the supernatural elements. As writers started to write in this new genre, works started becoming dark, with an eerie feeling and a tone of death. Out of the Romantic era came the sub-classification of the Gothic genre. Poe started to embrace this new genre and his writingsRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe1204 Words   |  5 Pagesbest could, but when he ventured upon insult I vowed revenge† (Poe 1). This line draws the reader into the story by bringing up questions like, what insults could have been done to deserve such revenge? The uniqueness in the question itself is that it turns the table of a classic myster y or gothic story (Mcgarth). Instead of asking â€Å"who did it,† the question is, â€Å"why did he do it† (Baraban Motive for Murder in Cask of Amontillado ). Montresor uses Fortunato’s strengthens and turns them intoRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe851 Words   |  4 Pagesabout â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† Do hate someone, but act like they are your best friend to get something that you want from them? Edgar Allen Poe does in his story â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† as he uses Montresor to tell Fortunato’s journey to catacombs and how he â€Å"conceives and executes an ingenious plan... for revenging† Fortunato (Gruesser 129). In â€Å"The cask of Amontillado† Poe uses tone, plot devices, and the setting to present the theme of appearances masking reality. To begin, Poe uses one toRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe1025 Words   |  5 PagesJared Mourning English II Prof. Platt Thursday, March 3, 2016 Fortunato’s Misfortune In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† Edgar Allen Poe issues a warning that even your closest friends can stab you in the back when you insult them in the right way. Poe perfectly portrays the way someone you think is your best friend could just as well be your biggest enemy. In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† Edgar Allen Poe uses Montresor’s point of view, plot, and symbolism to convey the cold, merciless man who is MontresorRead More`` Cask Of Amontillado `` By Edgar Allen Poe1505 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allen Poe was a writer who sculpted every detail to create his desired â€Å"theme†. His short stories are mostly representing the murder of a character. The murderer, who is the narrator, explains the plan for the murder. The narrator destroys the humans around him through his destructive mind. The reason for the murder is revenge and hatred. In â€Å"Cask of Amontillado† and â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† Poe utilized â€Å"unreliable na rrators,† he even created similarities between murder and victim to establishRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe1492 Words   |  6 Pages McMullen 531-06 1 September 2014 Summer Reading The Cask of Amontillado In The Cask of Amontillado, by Edgar Allen Poe, Montressor is able to successfully manipulate Fortunato s arrogance and pride and use it against him as revenge. Montressor knows that Fortunato has a love for wine. Montressor tells Fortunato that he may have acquired Amontillado, a very nice wine. Montressor is not quite sure if the wine is Amontillado, but since Fotunato appears to be occupied Montressor saysRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe1723 Words   |  7 Pages Were Montresor’s action in The Cask of Amontillado justified? Is killing someone justifiable? In Edgar Allen Poe’s short story The Cask of Amontillado that question is one that could be asked. The short story is about a man named Montresor and his quest to get revenge on his foe Fourtando who has apparently insulted Montresor. Around the time of the carnival season Montresor leaves his house to go find Fourtando and get his revenge he tells none of his servants toRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado, By Edgar Allen Poe884 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† by Edgar Allen Poe, one finds the horror throughout its pages. The ideas of unexplained revenge and images of scenes only getting darker and colder cause one to have feelings of dread and disbelief. The protagonist, Montresor, has waited fifty years to tell his story, and one has to question the reliability of what he is saying. Questions of true justice and the power of an insult arise, only magnifying those ideas of horror. In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado ,† one sees a

Individualism and Happiness Free Essays

Pursuit of Happiness Happiness is not one thing; it means different things in different places, different societies, and different cultural contexts. There are multiple â€Å"pursuits of happiness†. It’s impossible to define â€Å"happiness†. We will write a custom essay sample on Individualism and Happiness or any similar topic only for you Order Now It’s left to each of us to define what â€Å"happiness† is. Happiness cannot be achieved in minutes it comes from the pursuit of happiness, Working towards and achieving goals. Pursuit of happiness differs from person to person and from culture to culture. Diener and his colleagues (Diener et al. 2003) believe life evaluations are important to the quality of life in all societies because it is hard to imagine either a good life or a good society without a positive sense of SWB (positive psychology pg114). However, they argue that every culture has set values, and goals that people use to evaluate their happiness. Culture refers to beliefs, social norms, religious background, these characteristics shared by people in a place and time for everyday existence. Understanding the culture differences will allow you to understand the differences in of happiness. For the most part each culture has certain values and goals that are looked upon to be the acceptable norm for happiness and that is how happiness is measures. The media, parents, schools, peers influence the way people think, act, and feel towards a successful life. The general population that surrounds you influences people’s ideas about the meaning of happiness and how to achieve it. Comparing the traditional American perspective on happiness with the traditional Asian perspective on happiness, by cultural and historical factors that contribute to happiness. Americans are individualistic culture which means the people are primary focus is that of themselves and their immediate families. In contrast to Asians, which are, collectivistic cultures, where the members are concerned more with the well being of the group rather then their own well-being. On average, people living in wealthy nations are happier than those living in less wealthy nations. The untied States is near the top of the income measure, 6th in life satisfaction. Japanese like and have high income, but only moderate in subjective well-being. China ranks very low on income measure and higher then Japanese in subjective well being measure. Over the past 25 years, history of international surveys have not changed the ranking have been quite stable. | Asia collectivist culture characteristics traits: * Each person is encouraged to be an active player in society, to do what is best for society as a whole rather than themselves. * The rights of families, communities, and the collective supersede those of the individual. * Rules promote unity, brotherhood, and selflessness. Working with others and cooperating is the norm; everyone supports each other. * As a community, family or nation more than as an individual. * United States Individualism cultures characteristics traits: * â€Å"I† identity. * Promotes individual goals, initiative and achievement. * Individual rights are seen as being the most important. Rules attempt to ensure self-importance and individualism. * Independence is valued; there is much less of a drive to help other citizens or communities than in collectivism. * Relying or being dependent on others is frequently seen as shameful. People are encouraged to do things on their own, to rely on themselves. * The stereotype of a ‘good person’ in collectivist cultures is trustworthy, honest, generous, and sensitive, all characteristics that are helpful to people working in groups. In contrast, a ‘good person’ in individualist cultures is more assertive and strong, characteristics helpful for competing. Asian members rate happiness and life satisfaction on the lower end of the scale. They do not think of their life as being happy or sad, satisfying or dissatisfying it just is what it is. Believing emotional feelings are temporary they live in the now rather then wanting more for tomorrow. In Asian cultures, regard how others view you and necessary related to how they view themselves. Positive feelings occur when pleasing others, fulfilling social expectations. Achieving goals that enhance interdependence is directly related to happiness in collectivist cultures. For Americans positive feelings are strongly related to goal achievement. Achieving goals enhances our independence giving us a sense of pride and accomplishment. That feeling is important to Americans in reaching happiness promoting mutual trust and support in relationships is directly related to happiness and well being within the Asian culture. In individualistic cultures, a shared belief in the importance of feeling good about oneself promotes self-enhancement and social exchanges characterized by mutual approval and praise. Considering the wide ranging influence of culture on peoples feelings, thought, and behaviors (Markus ;amp; Kitayama, 1991), different types of persuasive messages may very well influence people differently in cultures as distinct as north America and east Asia. How to cite Individualism and Happiness, Papers

Social Media in Business-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthlep

Question: Write a business research proposal outlining the details of the proposed research project that addresses the gaps identified in the literature. Answer: Introduction Online networking has turned into an interesting issue of currently; in addition nearby is scarcely anyone whom had not joined or utilized a web-based social networking stage for some reason. So, what makes them so energizing. In this research proposal, online networking is an all-inclusive apparatus that can be utilized for recreation, correspondence and even business purposes. Various investigates via web-based networking media have officially shown that they can enhance organization interchanges and promoting methodology adding to the general thriving of an organization. The various pointer mentioned based on advantages and disadvantages of the business is to manage the general meanings of social media networking, wherever collected with the researchers' thoughts I shall be giving mine understanding interested in the possibility of web-based social networking, this sort of media shall be utilized for expert web-based social networking in authoritative correspondences. Research Questions and Methods The reason for my exploration is see whether web-based social networking stages are useful by means of wellspring of data plus a stage for data partaking in nowadays skillful environment, in innovative work specifically. The examination is based on the accompanying exploration questions: Are online networking utilized by specialists for effort resolutions? By which online networking stages are the most helpful ones around there? What way online networking help scientists in their work? How the points of interest/inconveniences of utilizing online networking in research? What do the present day online networking need as a wellspring of data? By what means can online networking be enhanced to fill in as a legitimate instrument for research? Advantages and Disadvantages Pointer The objective gathering for this exploration is either scientists or individuals somehow included in research. I is especially keen on knowledgeable investigation researchers from mutually every community, subsequent study effort in these diverse divisions diverges, all things considered, and ways to deal with hunt of data may be distinctive. The study (depicted in a more nitty gritty route beneath) is conveyed to 25 individuals, out of which 10 reacted. The respondents were individuals from an expert system and some of them were my own colleagues. They spread the data further. Inquire about strategy Inquire about strategies allude to methodical, engaged and deliberate gathering of information. They are utilized for acquiring data, settling or noting a specific research issue (Ghauri and Grnhaug 2005). The two research methodologies to follow are. It is anything but difficult to separate amongst quantitative as well as subjective research techniques. Subjective techniques are utilized to depict attributes and occasions deprived of smearing estimation. Quantifiable strategies, then again, concentrate on estimations and measures of the qualities shown by the general population and the occasions that the examination contemplates. (Thomas 2003) "Subjective research examines belongings in their characteristic locations attempting to comprehend, or decode prodigies to the extent that the insinuations folks convey to them. Subjective research endeavors to comprehend individual stories." (Thomas 2003) Quantitative research then again utilizes numerical and measurable information. It depends on numerical estimations of various marvels. Utilizing perception and estimations analysts assessment their theories in the furthermost targeted manner. These strategies have their qualities as well as restrictions. (Thomas 2003) The subjective way to deal with examination, since trust on this more appropriate for the specified fact. The subjective strategy stresses considerate the marvels from the accused's perspective (Grnhaug, 2005). The reason for postulation is in the direction of discovering individual encounters and yearnings in regards to online networking at work; consequently subjective research is a superior device for finding the responses to the examination addresses instead of numerical estimations and measurements. With a specific end goal to get a reasonable picture about individuals' involvement and desires, I needed to gather their thoughts, investigate them and attempt to convey the message that came through. Subjective review Since innovative work is a bustling universe of science, I thought of a thought of making a subjective study, which would be basically a meeting yet it in electronic frame, which the respondents could take an interest in when they have an extra moment. My subjective study shall incorporate a little prologue to the review, 15 questions, 10 of that is to be rational reaction. The plaintiffs shall have to make a request to give long as well as generous answers where required and each respondent shall be solicited by and by accordingly the quality from the appropriate responses are certain. The main question is about the general respondents' subtle elements: name, email address, the scholarly world, calling, nation where the respondent dwells along with different ethnic group. The additional query is a quantifiable one how often do a plaintiff utilize online networking in ones regular exertion lifecycle. It is an important one as before getting some information around utilization of web-based social networking, the requirement is to see if they utilized at entirely in the event of successive wonder. Legitimacy and dependability A few analysts trust that the idea of legitimacy is not pertinent to subjective study as subjective exploration is additionally theoretical as well as subjective as opposed to quantitative study (Golafshani, 2003) Like legitimacy, the idea of dependability is connected more with quantifiable study. "On the off chance that we see challenging as a technique for information elicitation then the additional imperative trial of each and every subjective review is its superiority (Golafshani 2003)." A great subjective review shall enable us "to comprehend a circumstance which should somehow be perplexing or befuddling (Eisner, 1991)". Inward web-based social networking stage The vast majority of the organizations being referred to ended up having inside online networking stages for the representatives to use in their effort. It is astonished to discover that individuals required in exploration for utilizing online networking apparatuses given by their organizations seldom and some even never do. Some of them have an incredulous or even negative demeanor towards this issue. In any case, there were sure remarks as well. We have learnt that typically organizations bargain their workers such online networking stages, for example, web journals, and other inside website pages. There representatives can discover customary updates on research exercises given by different gatherings which is, as expressed, extremely valuable specialists' work. A few analysts are dynamic clients of organization inside web journals, video sharing instruments, and discussions. There are additionally dialogs bunches accessible which permit individuals examine current issues, share specialized material, gather perspectives, remarks and contribution at demand. Then again numerous respondents expressed that they utilize online networking instruments given by the organization occasionally, since there is "no good thing there". Be that as it may, those plaintiffs who does not give dynamic in the customary open online networking. From my perspective, utilization of inward web-based social networking given by organizations ought to be energized. Individuals who had a dubious thought regarding online networking otherwise had a adverse demeanor in the direction of it, likely, simply didn't change to prodigious guidelines on utilizing it. In any case, it is decent to discover that web-based social networking have turned into a piece of organizations' correspondence procedure and inner specialized instruments have been produced and used to some degree. Effectiveness of social media on business Scientists effectively addressed this question and shared their experiences energetically. The suppositions isolated as far as that it is so essential to utilize online networking in the work of analysts. Numerous respondents gave positive reactions however a significant number were nonpartisan. For example, one sentiment is that "extra incessant as well as simultaneous updates prompt improved nature of investigation, in a state of harmony with what is happening in the field of research right then and there". The web-based social networking foundations specifically were talked about. For instance, Wikipedia ended up improving the nature of analysts' work, since "it's a simple and snappy wellspring of data". It is not generally a dependable one but rather in many events it comes convenient. Likewise "online networking help a considerable measure in taking after the pattern of innovation advancement and discovering fast answers for research/programming and so on issue". Normally data sharing is more proficient by means of the online networking. "Data contacts individuals quick and similarly". Web-based social networking make the work procedure quicker. For example, "if a specialist is searching for an answer for an effectively existing issue in a gathering, they does not have to invest hours on result a similar arrangement in different foundations". The plaintiffs who don't regularly utilize online networking in their effort which might foresee any impact on their work as well as company business. Some think that its hard to depict how it utilizes online networking at function yet regardless they think of it as vital. A few plaintiffs were negative towards online networking, as they may be a diversion at work and for the most part impact the nature of work contrarily. References Cho, D. 2010. RD success factors and intensity for small and medium-sized enterprises in Korea. Conference Publication. Pp. 2-3. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?tp=arnumber=5602114contentType=Conference+Publicationsrefinements%3D4292240413%26sortType%3Dasc_p_Sequence%26filter%3DAND%28p_IS_Number%3A5602021%29. Ghauri, P. Grnhaug, K. 2005. Research Methods in Business Studies: a practical guide. 3rd edition, p. 105. Harlow. Pearson Education. Golafshani, N. 2003. Understanding Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research, pp. 599-604. University of Toronto. Hirshfeld, S. Schmid, G. 2005. Globalisation of RD, pp.1-2. Tekes. Technology Review 184/2005. Jefferson, C. E. Traughber, S. 2012. Social media in business. How social media can help small businesses and non-profit organizations, pp.2-3. Cameron University. Publication. Jue, A. L., Marr, J.A. Kassotakis, M. E. 2010. Social Media at Work: How Networking Tools Propel Organizational Performance, pp.2-9. Jossey-Bass Publishing House, 1st edition. Kaplan, A. M. Haenlein M. 2009. Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media, p.61. Journal. Kelley School of Business, Indiana University. Kietzmann, J. H., Hermkens, K., McCarthy, I.P. Silvestre, B.S. 2011. Social media? Get serious! Understanding the functional building blocks of social media, pp. 241-250. Journal. Kelley School of Business, Indiana University. Maslen, G. 2012. Scandinavian countries top the world in research. University World News. Article. Retrieved from https://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=2012051713591328.

The Names Of The Various Styles And Types Of Music Essays

The names of the various styles and types of music culturally associated with my country are at first there is folk music and then there is urban music then comes all the advanced music which is mostly are immitated from American music. But the music that would define my country is folk music and most of the folk music are sang by the poor people in the country but some of the rich people also sings folk music but they consider singing it as a hobby. But the popular folk music in Bangladesh are sang by the people that were poor and got higher in society by singing folk music. But urban music is written and sang by regular people in Bangladesh. Before urban music was invented or came to Bangladesh, folk music was popular to everyone starting from little kids to older people. But when urban music came and or was invented in Bangladesh most of the people started to like urban music because it had new instrument such as tabla, harmoniam, bashi and etc. All these instruments are made and played in Bengali urban music. But when advanced music came people forgot about folk music but they did listen to urban music and they rocked with advanced music. Advanced music is the same music that puff daddy sings and Madonna sings and the music that is sang by all the other popular singer but what Bengali people does is that they take all the instrumental sounds from all the popular song in America and they pay other people in Bangladesh to sing and they pay them the half the money that they make. Now most of the people in Bangladesh are into advanced music and most of the advanced music is sang by guys that are 20, 21, 23 and guys that drop high school and don't graduate but they get into music business. Folk music can only be defined as voices and the people that sang most of the folk music used nothing but an instrument called "aktara". But urban music can be defined as abstract music with tone color, and some of them has accent. Most of the advanced music is abstract music and has a beat, tempo, dynamic and orchestration but 75 percent of the advanced music is immitated from this country. All of these music are danced to except folk music but most of the people dances to urban music and the dance is called indian dance because it's immitated from indian songs and people dances to it because they think it's hip and it's fun. But most of the older people like my grand parents likes folk music but hates urban and advanced music. There is no different music in different part of my country because the same music is heard and danced to in the whole country but except in India because India is kind of faster and kind of advanced in music than Bangladesh. So most of the Bangladeshian music is immitated from all over the world. But people that are poor doesn't listen to no music except listens to the people that goes around town and sings folk music. Most of the people in Bangladesh that lives in village still thinks folk music are popular and when they goes visit the city in Bangladesh and which is Dhaka gets amazed by all the urban and advanced music. The instrument that is used in folk music is called "Aktara". Aktara is a coconut skull that has two wooden sticks at the side and kind of shaped like a triangle and has a string from the middle that is hooked to the two sticks at the top and it makes funny noice which is very popular in Bangladesh. Urban music uses tabla which is like a drum but it's not. It's two little round thing which you got to hit with your hands to make noices like drums but it's similar to drum. Then there is harmoniam which makes noice like piano but it's half the size of piano and then comes bashi which is the almost the same as woodwind. My family does listen to urban music but my grand parents only listens to folk music. But

Jose Cortez essays

Jose Cortez essays You secure your helmet and jog out onto the field. You plant your foot in front of where the ball will be held for you, knowing any tiny mistake could cost your team the game and the $100,000 bonus. You take three steps back and one to the left. The ball holder signals the snap. You begin to move toward the ball as the holder grabs the ball and spins the laces away from your foot. You feel the ball thud against your foot, the ball seems to float in the air as it travels to the goal posts. The ball slips though the goal posts, you have just won the game, you are Jose Cortez of the Los Angeles Extreme. Jose was born in San Vincente, EL Salvador on the twenty-seventh day of May 1975. At age 15 he moved to the United States of America with his mother and sister. When Jose first enrolled at Van Nuys High School he did not speak a word of English. In 1996 he handled punts, kickoffs, and long field goal at Los Angeles Valley College. The next year he started as kicker at Oregon State University in Corvallis, Oregon. As a Junior, Jose was an All-PAC-10 selection making eleven out of nineteen field goals, with the longest being 45 yards. As a Senior he made three field goals from beyond 50 yards (50, 52, 55) all in one game. In 1999 Jose signed as a non-drafted free agent by the Cleveland Browns. He only played one game in the NFL, and that was with the New York Giants. Jose spent 2000 spring time training camps with the San Diego Chargers, but did not play another NFL season game. Also in the year 2000 Jose played for the Admirals in the NFLE (National Football League Europe), there he split playing time with Silvio Diliberto. In the NFLE, Jose made a total of nine field goals (tied for league lead). In the XFL 2000 Draft, Jose was drafted in the thirty-eighth round at spot 304. He found out he was drafted when he was called by Coach Chris Allen while he was working on a roof in Corvallis, Oregon. ...

Summary of an article , Standing alone in mecca, by asra q.nomani Essay

Summary of an article , Standing alone in mecca, by asra q.nomani - Essay Example The sense of emancipation and the exploring the actual sense of Islam is vigorous. The paper discusses her experiences and highlights the difference between the written facts in the holy book of Islam i.e. Quran and the harsh realityThe name of Asra Q. Nomani bears particular significance within the feminist struggle and emancipation of woman’s right especially in the Muslim world of today. Born in Bombay, India and brought up in West Virginia, America an outright liberal journalist and a former Wall Street Journal reporter, Nomani tries to find out the atrocities attached with the Muslims in the Western world and blames that it is due to unscrupulous activities of some extremists of her own religion that have attached the notion of violence and terrorism with the Muslim religion as a whole and still makes a major section of the Muslim women , a piece of subordination to the male society. In her desperate creation of the book, â€Å"Standing Alone: An American Woman's Struggl e for the Soul of Islam" reveals her bitter experiences about the pilgrimage to Mecca and exhibits her utmost efforts in reclaiming the right of the Muslim women in the 21st Century (Nomani, 2012). ... According to the sharia law of Pakistan, two women were regarded as witness. At this instance she states that, â€Å"Neither relenting nor opposing the edict, I had my grandmother and my aunt serve as one witness† (Nomani, 2005, p. 195).In her locality in America she also experienced the stereotypes of her religion. One of the converts in the newly opened mosque organized private swimming for the Muslim women on Sunday nights in an indoor pool taping the newspapers to the windows. But the puritanical gossipmongers sliced her efforts. There was also an organization of an entertainment with an innocent four person ride at the Valley’s Worlds of Fun but it was protested by the Protestants as â€Å"Rock and Roll Cage† (Nomani, 2005, p.196) as they thought that it would be promoting improper western dance. Thus it can be said that in America her experience of treatment with the Muslim women were quite harsh. Adversities faced in the trip In the initial phase of the tr ip, she receives permission in making the trip but faces criticisms in going to Saudi Arabia as she was an unwed mother. Nomani became pregnant when was in Pakistan and decided in raising the child with her parents in West Virginia. Ultimately she got the sponsor from her father and family members. Even at the pilgrimage in Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem she did not received proper welcome from the people. As for instance, the board president who was an Egyptian American with PhD degree yelled at her stating that, â€Å"Sister, take the back entrance!† (Nomani, 2005, p.197). The tone was not all good and she experienced this same behavior from the men and women in Mecca as well as in Jerusalem. The man didn’t even greeted her with

Trends and Challenges in Human Resource Management Essay

Trends and Challenges in Human Resource Management - Essay Example Owing to rapid technological advancements, the demand for well trained employees is high. Organizations are now looking to impart necessary skills to their workers using all kinds of innovative strategies and training resources. With respect to this trend, Rothwell, Hohne, & King (2000), state HR practitioners, " must be ready to manage, design, develop or select, and use learning technologies that support learning and development for their organization" (p. 190). Focus has also shifted to employee development, leadership development and performance improvement. Here again the organization looks to HR practitioners to bring out positive results. Mathis & Jackson(2005) state, "Four major HR challenges faced by managers and organizations now and in the future are the globalization of business, economic and technological changes, workforce demographics and diversity, and organizational cost pressures and restructuring" (p. 28). Nowadays the world is a global - workplace and under these circumstances it is the role of Human Resource Management (HRM) to steer the organization across the choppy waters of international law, cultural issues and the threat of terrorism. Technological changes have made it imperative that HRM adapt itself to meet the needs of the organization. The workplace has become increasingly diverse in terms of ethnicity, gender and age. Therefore HR practitioners must ensure there is no discrimination or harassment on the basis of ill-conceived stereotypes. They must also work to create an environment of security to enable optimal production while keeping at bay employees' insecurities about losing their jobs. A Complete Performance Management System as Opposed to Annual Performance Appraisals: Performance management seeks to enhance performance, introduce changes as per the need, keep up morale, and keep communication channels opens. According to Hendry et al., "Despite a revised perspective which treats performance management as a wide-ranging process many line managers still equate performance management with annual appraisals and their negative aspects" (as cited in Price, 2000, p. 193). Annual performance appraisals are dreaded by the employees. They are asked to fill out forms or are interviewed and then judgments are made as to their character by managers who are usually ill-suited for the purpose. This method of evaluation creates a hostile environment where negative attitudes prevail and no discernible improvement in performance is seen. In the words of Price (2000), "Modern performance management systems emphasize dialogue rather than assessment" (p. 194). Behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) and behavioral observation scales (BOS) are popular techniques designed to overcome the shortcomings of performance appraisals. These techniques stay objective, while focusing on employees' performance and potential. Performance management is a key aspect of HRM. It helps bring out the potential of employees as individuals and as team members. Thus by focusing on performance management the HR department can deal effectively with the trends and challenges of Human resource management. References Fitz - enz, J. (2001). How to measure human resource mana

An Overview Of Victim Support Criminology Essay

An Overview Of Victim Support Criminology Essay Victim Support is the oldest victim organisation with more than 35 years of experience and also the largest worldwide. There three aims are simply to support, help cope with crime and give any sort of information to victims (Marshall, 1999). They have many charity and witness service companies within them. There are many ways in which these programmes process. It can be a victim-offender mediation process, in which the mediators discuss the crime, the aftermath and the next steps towards making things right. Conferencing meeting is the same as the victim-offender mediation except that this meeting involves the family members and community representatives as well. Victim-offender panels take place with other victims and offenders with similar crime situations and the victim assistance support victims as they go through the criminal justice process and help them recover (Marshall, 1999). National Association of the Care and Resettlement of Offenders (NACRO) is one of the most growing charities in the United Kingdom. NACRO trains up to 10,000 learners, helps approximately 20,000 people who call to enquire, assist 10,000 prisoners and work with 11,000 young people. They have about 1000 programmes which work with youths, present and ex-offenders, homeless people and many other disadvantaged groups. NACROs vision is a safer society where everyone belongs, human rights are respected and preventing crime means tackling social exclusion and re-integrating those who offend (NACRO, 1997). This charity program helps find positive alternatives to crime and reduce crime by changing lives. As well as these processes there are many other processes of restorative justice. All provide opportunities for the parties to meet, discuss what happened, the impact it had and what should take place in the future. A mediator prepares the meetings and helps both parties communicate with one an other, but the end solution is made by them only. All of these supporting mediations end with an agreement on how the offender will make amends for the harm they have caused by the crime (Marshall, 1999). In this process, four types of reparation are agreed upon. They are apology, restitution, changed behaviour and generosity. Apologies can be verbal or written. Acknowledgment, affect and vulnerability are three main parts which take place while apologising. The offending acknowledges the fact that he has committed a crime and takes responsibility for it. He also needs to accept he has caused harm to the victim and that the certain individual did not deserve to be hurt (Marshall, 1999). The offender expresses his deep feelings through words or body language and only when he feels regret or guilt will this process be effective. If the offender does feel regret, this could possibly repair and make a victim feel like a whole new person. This is not always possible as the offender may n ot be able to communicate properly even if they are feeling responsible for what has taken place (Marshall, 1999). Finally, vulnerability is in relation with both the offender and victim. The offender commits a crime because he or she has a control over the victim, but when apologising the control gets passes on to the victim. The victim has a choice to whether or not to accept the apology. Before the offender apologises, they have no idea what action the victim will take, so the offender apologizes and gives the power and control to the victim. Apology is one of the four types of reparation. The second type is restitution. Restitution is a sum of money or any other type of compensation for the damage that has been caused by the crime (Marshall, 1999). This can repair the victims damage and can be a method of holding the offender liable for the offence they have done. This is not only ordered by restorative justice mediators but also can be given by a judge. Another way to make an a mendment for the harm they have caused it to show their behaviour will change and they will not commit crimes. Some of the things which are negotiated are the change of environment, peers, and sometimes even schools. They learn new behaviours by using different types of programmes such as anger management classes, educational or drug-treatment programmes. Follow up meetings are scheduled to see the progress of change. Generosity is the last type of reparation where an offender can choose to agree upon. Its a way of showing they are deeply sorry. They agree to community service of any type chosen by the victim (Marshall, 1999). Theories of Restorative Justice There have been many criminological theories that have tried to connect with restorative justice. In 1985, Howard Zehr was the first writer to combine a theory with restorative justice in his book Changing Lenses (Zehr, 1990). He talked about all the advantages victims could receive by this justice system and also what offenders can achieve by accepting responsibility. There were many limitations of this theory as it spoke much about the private problems of the victims and offenders. Nonetheless, Zehrs work was very influential; many other theorists took his ideas and expanded. The main theory which had an impact on restorative justice was Re-integrating Shaming Theory. According to John Braithwaite, this theory summarises Crimes best controlled when members of the community are the primary controllers through active participation in shaming offenders, and, having shamed them, through concerted participation in ways of reintegrating the offender back into the community of law abiding citizens. Low crime societies are societies where communities prefer to handle their own crime problems rather than hand them over to professionals (Braithwaite, 1989). Braithwaite believes shame and punishment can be mainly achieved from the family. Family life helps us maintain relationships and teaches us to respect everyone. According to Bazemore (2007) re-integrative shaming theory does not include victim interests and justices issues which are the main components of restorative justice as a whole. Another theory which was linked to restorative justice was Matzas theory of neutralisation is (Mackay, 1998 cited in Newburn). Matza believes that one of the main reasons why offenders kept on re-offending was due to the positive image they had about what they did. Their actions need to be dismissed and told what is right and wrong. Many offenders responses are he deserved it, they can afford it, or they asked for it. Meeting with the victim makes it hard for the offender and makes them realise the harm they have caused but Marshall argues that no other criminological or justice theory can be held to underpin Restorative Justice (Marshall cited in Newburn, 2009) but some theories can associate with the different steps of Restorative Justice. Restorative Justice vs. Criminal Justice Restorative Justice differs from the contemporary criminal justice system in several ways. The key characteristics of a retributive justice are; that it views the offence against the state, keeps the victim and offender separate, accepting responsibility is not pushed, the harm caused by the offender is given back to him as revenge, focuses more on offender and victims being ignored; offender has no say in decision, offenders relationship with community are weak, the relationship between the offender and victim are not focused on, and forgiveness is not mentioned (Leung, 1999). The outcome of this is a win-lose situation, it does not offer much to our criminal justice system. For a short period of time, it might satisfy some purposes of sentencing. It does not pay much attention to reparation, rehabilitation is left as a last option, clearly shows it has not helped reduce crime by sending the offenders to prison, but the criminal justice system has fulfilled two purposes, which is pu nishing the offender itself, and protecting the public for the time being. On the other hand, the key characteristics of a restorative justice are that it views the offence against the victim and community; victims are allowed to speak up and meet the offender, encouraging responsibility, the victims needs are most essential, offender is asked to solve the problem, focuses on re-integration, and forgiveness is encouraged (Leung, 1999). At the end there is win-win result. Restitution assigns a value to the material losses suffered by the victim and requires that the wrongdoer balance the scale by paying that amount to the sufferer. Restoration, on the other hand, looks beyond the material harm to non-material disruptions, such as the loss of a sense of security or the loss of trust (Leung, 1999). Also, restitution thinks about the damage done to the victim but does not give them a chance to say how they feel by this situation. In contrast, restorative justice tries to tackle the needs of the not only the victim, but also the offender, family members, the community, and others affected by the offence (Leung, 1999). Overall, restorative justice goes beyond the fact that a law was broken, and distinguishes the harm caused by offenders to victims and communities. Giving the situation into the government does not help in any way, all parties related to the crime needed to be included as well. Both systems measure success differently. One measures it by how much punishment is given to the offender and the other measure it by how much harm is fixed. Criticisms and Limitations of Restorative Justice Nothing is perfect, everyone has flaws and weaknesses. One of the major drawbacks of restorative justice is that the system mainly relies on the co-operation of the three parties. If either of them, do not co-operate the aim of this system cannot be achieved. Due to this, the system can be a complete failure. Another limitation which takes place is that is seems to only be applicable to minor offences. Allison Morris lists three criticisms of restorative justice (Morris cited in Newburn, 2009). She believes that restorative justice erodes legal rights as in failing to protect the offenders rights. The second criticism, not only Morris but many other major critics believe that restorative justice does not succeed in making a real change and reducing crime. Thirdly and lastly, restorative justice can cause discrimination issues while the process is taking place but this mainly depends on the location. Not only Morris but many other people have criticised restorative justice. Some other limitations which have been identified are that there is no agreed definition, a sincere apology from an offender is hard to achieve, and restorative justice sometimes lives in a dreamland, it assumes that the victim can openly speak to the offender in a kind manner. This can weaken the process majorly. Many theorists believe both systems should combine their aims and ideas together, so our criminal justice system can perform better and satisfy the purposes of sentencing. Conclusion Punishment as imprisonment should be used only for dangerous offenders. This will not only make it easier for the government, but also reduce the cost and time put into prisons, which can be useful for other developments for offenders and victims. The public is not fully satisfied with the criminal justice system, it seems as they have failed in achieving the goals of fairness between the offender and victim and also by protecting the public. Restorative justice pays attention to victims needs. It ensures the victim questions have been answered and they feel happily secure. Restorative justice help offenders take responsibility and make them understand the harm they have caused. Offenders are forced to feel guilt and shame, therefore this prevents them from committing future crime. By this the community accepts the offender back and helps him/her reintegrate back into society. This process can take place in many settings such as conferencing circles or offender-victim meetings. Every person harmed by a conflict should have the opportunity to resolve it through a restorative justice (Restorative Justice Consortium, 2002). Restorative justice is not perfect but it does offer a positive approach to this world which our current criminal justice system does not. It has shown to reduce crimes within youths in schools and even adults with domestic violence and stealing problems. Many countries have taken this seriously and amended many laws. Restorative justice assures to better social justice to victims, a secure community to all and to reform the offender which will help reduce the number of future crimes. Punishment of offender, the reduction of crime, rehabilitation of offenders, the protection of the public and reparation by offenders are the five main purposes of sentencing. Restorative justice argues they can satisfy these purposes, but for this to be proven, restorative justice needs a chance. The goal of reintegrating offenders into the law-abiding community has a better chance of being achieved if both systems are employed, in a coordinated programme, rather than if we reply upon one to the exclusion of the other (Hirsch, Ashworth Roberts, 2009). A fair and just response can only be determined by these two systems. Restorative justice has many advantages and claims to satisfy the purposes of sentencing hence its weaknesses. It needs to be practised more and the systems need to work together so justice can be determined.

Analysis of Communication Barriers to Distance Education Essay

The meaning of the communication in education and distance-learning are best understood, when the types of communication among the participants involved in distance education and some related communication theories are mastered thoroughly. The communication among the students and the communication between the members and the content should not be underestimated even though the communication between the teacher and the student is a vital element of successful distance education. If it is important to attain success in teaching and learning, barriers between the sender and the receiver of the message should be eliminated. Consequently, all strategies of learning and teaching during the delivery of instruction should not reflect any barrier (Nasseh, 1997). Different types of communication are employed in the network educational environment, such as: †¢ Work in collaboration with a teacher; †¢ Work in collaboration with other students; †¢ Work in collaboration with online course through a mass media. Telecommunication technologies offer a new scope to the mentioned communication types. They make it possible to travel beyond the physical distance and time. Nevertheless, it is essential to investigate communication via telecommunication technologies in detail besides the communication theories related with education, mass media, group interaction, knowledge and skill differences of users, and the preferences and the use ability of the involved members. Human beings need to create effective communication and establish contacts in order to survive. In other words, they need communication to provide connections and create effective understanding, get information and express feelings. Therefore, the effectiveness of the communication is measured by the message sent and feedback received. Furthermore, people’s personal, social and economic needs are also affec ting communication. Communication is a learnt activity and is provided by the media which forms a bridge between the sender and the receiver (Dimbleby, et al., 1992). The quality in communication and its effects on people’s lives can be improved once we clarify its meaning and also the meaning of education which is the major concept on which a structured society is based. Communication is a process that includes linear, interactive and transactional views from different perspectives barriers (Ä °Ã…Ÿman et al., 2003). One-way communication where the sender cannot get any feedback is the linear view. On the other hand, the interactive view is the existence of a two-way communication which includes feedback as well as nonverbal communication, but it does not include simultaneous sending-receiving feedback that transactional view underlines. Therefore, when creating mutual understanding in communication physical, psychological and semantic barriers are all eliminated. (Ä °Ã…Ÿman et al., 2003). As said before, communication is an important element of life. In order to increase productivity at work, organizations and schools should have effec tive communication. This is more important when it comes to education which is a tool for the welfare of the society. People socialize via communication and thus perform desired behaviors. Because of these reasons, preventing the barriers in communicating will provide a clearer field of experience between the sender and the receiver. People should find shared points by analyzing our encoding, decoding stages and channel by eliminating our unfairness about the backgrounds in order to create meaningful understanding. There is no perfect communication; this is almost inevitable and creating a qualified communication process is essential to create a permanent understanding especially in the teaching-learning process and establishing reasonable communication to improve meaningful learning of the students. Today, e-learning or distance education are the result of technology. As a result, traditional teaching styles are transformed to technology-based teaching. Distance education is a new trend in education which makes it possible for everyone to learn better and provide options under the constructivist ap proach. Technological devices like audio cassette, telephone, compact disc, etc become a major necessity for distance education. Students have a more flexible education opportunity because of distance education. But, on the other hand, lack offace-to-face contact with teachers may result in a loss of motivation. Besides, there are many barriers in teaching and learning process of distance education (Galusha, 2001). Most common barriers are the unawareness of the roles as teachers and students. Studies show that the barriers of distance education fall into such categories as cost, motivators, feedback and teacher contact, student support and services, alienation, lack of experience and training. Moreover, due to the lack of information about their roles in distance education there is faculty and organizational barriers. In addition, course content on the other hand constitutes another barrier and should be modified in distance education (Galusha, 2001). Therefore, to create effective and qualified distance education all barriers must be realized and eliminated. There are some differences between the types of communication in distance learning and classroom-based learning. Firstly, due to resistance to change and anxiety while engaged in distance education, students and teachers can have psychological problems. Technical barriers during communicating, on the other hand, can be experienced by students and teachers due to a lack of experience about technology and they may have semantic barriers in their communication by misunderstanding announcements (Perreault, et al., 2002). Therefore, it is important to eliminate communication barriers if qualified and effective distance education is aimed at. CHAPTER II BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION For communication to be effective, senders must accurately communicate their intended message, and receivers must perceive and interpret the message accurately. Anything that gets in the way of the accurate transmission and reception of a message is a barrier to effective communication. We should understand these barriers so that you can be aware of their existence and try to reduce their impact. We have identified the elements of communication as the communicator, the encoding, the message, the medium, the decoding, the receiver, and the feedback. If noise exists in these elements in any way, complete clarity of meaning and understanding does not occur. The following barriers to effective communication are: frame of reference, selective listening, value judgments, source credibility, semantic problems, filtering, in-group language, status differences, proxemics behavior, time pressures, and communication overload. These sources of noise can exist in both organizational and interpers onal communications. Barriers Created by the Sender There are five specific barriers created by senders of communication. 1.Semantic Problems Communication has been defined as the transmission of information and understanding through the use of common symbols. Actually, we cannot transmit understanding. We can merely transmit information in the form of words, which are the common symbols. Unfortunately, the same words may mean entirely different things to different people. The understanding is in the receiver, not in the words. Because different groups use words differently, communication can often be impeded. E.g. When your boss tells you, â€Å"We need to complete this project right away,† what does it mean? Does â€Å"we† mean just you? You and your coworkers?Or you, your coworkers, and the boss? Does â€Å"right away† mean today, tomorrow, or next week? These are examples of semantic barriers. Semantics is the study of words. Thus, because words mean different things to different people, a communicator may speak the same language as a receiver but still not achieve the intended goal of the communication. 2.Filtering Filtering, a common occurrence in upward communication in organizations, refers to the manipulation of information so that the receiver perceives it as positive. Filtering may involve deleting or delaying negative information or using less harsh words so the message sounds more favorable. For example, subordinates â€Å"cover up† unfavorable information in messages to their superiors. The reason for such filtering should be clear; this is the direction (upward) that carries control information to management. Management makes merit evaluations. Grants salary increases, and promotes individuals based on what it receives by way of the upward channel. The temptation to filter is likely to be strong at every level in the organization. 3.In-Group Language Occupational, professional, and social groups often develop words or phrases that have meaning only to members. Such special language can serve many useful purposes. It can provide members with feelings of belonging, cohesiveness, and (in many cases) self-esteem; it can also facilitate effective communication within the group. The use of in-group language can, however, result in severe communication breakdowns when outsiders or other groups are involved. Management, in this case, should provide communication skills training to affected individuals to facilitate effective communication between involved parties. 4.Status Differences Organizations often express hierarchical rank through a variety of symbols (titles, offices, etc.). Such status differences can be perceived as threats by persons lower in the hierarchy, and this can prevent or distort communication. For example, not wanting to look incompetent, a nurse may remain quiet instead of expressing an opinion or asking a question of the nursing supervisor. 5.Time Pressures The pressure of time presents an important barrier to communication. Managers don’t have time to communicate frequently with every subordinate. However, time pressures can often lead to far more serious problems than this. Short-circuiting is a failure of the formally prescribed communication system that often results from time pressures. What it means is simply that someone has been left out of the formal channel of communication who would normally be included. For example, suppose a salesperson needs a rush order for an important customer and goes directly to the production manager with the request, since the production manager owes the salesperson a favor. Other members of the sales force who get word of this become upset over this preferential treatment and report it to the sales manager. Obviously, the sales manager would know nothing of the â€Å"deal† having been short circuited. In some cases, going through formal channels is extremely costly or even impossible from a practical standpoint. Consider the impact on a hospital patient if a nurse had to report a critical malfunction in life support equipment to the nursing team leader, who in turn had to report it to the hospital engineer, who would instruct a staff engineer to make the repair. Barriers Created by the Receiver In some situations barriers are created by receivers. 1.Selective Listening In this form of selective perception, the individual tends to block out new information, especially if it conflicts with existing beliefs. Thus, in a directive from management, the receiver notices only things that reaffirm his beliefs. Things that conflict with preconceived notions are either ignored or distorted to confirm those preconceptions. For example, a notice may be sent to all operating departments that costs must be reduced if the organization is to earn a profit. The communication may not achieve its desired effect because it conflicts with the perceived â€Å"reality† of the receivers. Thus, operating employees may ignore or be amused by such information in light of the large salaries, travel allowances, and expense accounts of some executives. Whether such preconceptions are justified is irrelevant; what’s important is that they result in breakdowns in communication. In other words, if we only hear what we want to hear, our â€Å"reality† canâ€℠¢t be disturbed. 2.Value Judgments In every communication situation, the receiver makes value judgments. This basically involves assigning an overall worth to a message prior to receiving the entire communication. Value judgments may be based on the receiver’s evaluation of the communicator, previous experiences with the communicator, or on the message’s anticipated meaning. For example, a college professor, perceiving the department chairperson as not being concerned enough about teaching quality, may consider a merit evaluation meeting with the chairperson as â€Å"going through the motions.† A cohesive work group may form negative value judgments concerning all actions by management. 3.Source Credibility Source credibility is the trust, confidence, and faith that the receiver has in the words and actions of the communicator. The level of credibility that the receiver assigns to the communicator in turn directly affects how the receiver views and reacts to the communicator’s words, ideas, and actions. Thus, subordinates’ evaluation of their manager affects how they view a communication from her. This, of course, is heavily influenced by previous experiences with the manager. Again, we see that everything done by a manager communicates. Union leaders who view management as exploiters and managers who view union leaders as political animals are likely to engage in little honest communication. Barriers Created by the Sender and/or Receiver Senders and/or receivers also create barriers in organizational communication. For example, there are three specific types of barriers. 1.Frame of Reference Different individuals can interpret the same communication differently, depending on previous experiences that result in variations in the encoding and decoding processes. Communication specialists agree that this is the most important factor that breaks down the â€Å"commonness† in communications. When the encoding and decoding processes aren’t alike, communication tends to break down. Thus while the communicator actually speaks the â€Å"same language† as the receiver, the message conflicts with how the receiver â€Å"catalogs† the world. The interior areas represent the accumulated experiences of the participants in the communication process. If they share a large area, effective communication is facilitated. If a large area is not shared – if there has been no common experience – then communication becomes impossible or, at best, highly distorted. Communicators can encode and receivers can decode only in terms of their experiences. Distortion often occurs because of participants’ differing frames of reference. Teenagers perceive things differently than do their parents; college deans perceive problems differently than do faculty members. People in various organizational functions can also interpret the same situation differently. A business problem may be viewed differently by the marketing manager than by the production manager. Different levels in the organization also have different frames of reference. First-line supervisors’ frames of reference differ in many respects from those of vice presidents. Their different positions in the organization structure influence their frames of reference. As a result, their needs, values, attitudes, and expectations differ, often resulting in unintentional distortion of communication. 2.Proxemic Behavior An important but often overlooked element of nonverbal communication is proxemics, defined as an individual’s use of space when interpersonally communicating with others. According to Edward Hall, a prominent researcher of proxemics, people have four zones of informal space – spatial distances they maintain when interacting with others: the intimate zone (from physical contact to 18 inches), the personal zone (from 18 inches to 4 feet), the social zone (from over 4 to 12 feet), and the public zone (more than 12 feet). For Americans, manager-subordinate relationships begin in the social zone and progress to the personal zone after mutual trust has developed. An individual’s personal and intimate zones make up a â€Å"private bubble† of space that is considered private territory, not to be entered by others unless invited. Proxemics creates a significant communication barrier when the proxemics behaviors of the sender and receiver differ. For example, assume that, like most Americans, you stand in the social zone while interacting at a social gathering such as a cocktail party. However, in the South American culture, a personal-zone distance is considered more natural in such situations. When a South American businessperson you’re talking with at a cocktail party assumes a personal-zone distance, how do you feel? Typically in such situation, an individual feels so uncomfortable with the person standing â€Å"too close† that any verbal communication isn’t heard. Conflicting proxemic behavior can also affect each individual’s perceptions of the other – you may view the South American as pushy and aggressive; she may see you as cold and impolite. 3.Communication Overload One vital task performed by a manager is decision making. One of the necessary factors in effective decisions is information. The last decade has often been described as the time when information technology radically changed the corporate landscape. Technology has great potential to improve both the efficiency and effectiveness of organizational communication. Because of the advances, the difficulty does not lie in generating information. Rather, manager often feel buried by a deluge of information and data. As a result, people can’t absorb or adequately respond to all of the messages directed to them. They screen out the majority of messages, which in effect means that these messages are never decoded. Thus, in the area of organizational communication, â€Å"more† isn’t always â€Å"better†. CROSS-CULTURAL AND GENDER COMMUNICATION Language is the most obvious cross-cultural communications challenge. Words are easily misunderstood in verbal communication, either because the receiver has a limited vocabulary or the sender’s accent distorts the usual sound of some words. Voice intonation is another cross-cultural communication barrier, because how loudly, deeply, and quickly we speak sends secondary messages that have different meaning in different cultures. Communication includes silence, but its use and meaning varies from one culture to another. In Japan, silence symbolizes respect and indicates that the listener is thoughtfully contemplating what has just been said. Similarly, Japanese people usually stop talking when they are interrupted, whereas talking over the person’s speech is more common in Brazil and some other countries. Indeed, Brazilians are more likely to view interruptions as evidence that the other person is involved in the conversation. Nonverbal communication represents another potential area for misunderstanding across culture. Many nonconscious or involuntary nonverbal cues (such as smiling) have the same meaning around the world, but deliberate gestures often have different interpretations. For example, most of us shake our head from side to side to say â€Å"No,† but a variation of head shaking means â€Å"I understand† to many people in India. Filipinos raise their eyebrows to give an affirmative answer, yet Arabs interpret this expression (along with clicking one’s tongue) as a negative response. Men and women have similar communication practices, but there are subtle distinctions that can occasionally lead to misunderstanding and conflict. One distinction is that men are more likely than women to view conversations as negotiations of relative status and power. They assert their power by directly giving advice to others (e.g., â€Å"You should do the following†) and using combative language. There is also evidence that men dominate the talk time in conversation with women, as well as interrupt more and adjust their speaking style less than do women. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE The following literature review shows work done by researchers. All are related with communication barriers to distance education and the important communication theories which explain the diffusion of innovation with telecommunications, the knowledge gap between the members involved in distance education and the uses and gratification of the users of the mass media. According to Galusha(1997) distance education gives people (students) greatest possible control over the time, place and pace in education; however, it has problems due to loss of student motivations since there is no face-to-face contact, startup cost and lack of faculty support. Such problems are categorized into three main groups as student barriers, faculty barriers, and organizational barriers. Problems and barriers encountered by students are costs and motivators, the feedback and teacher contact, the student support and services, the alienation and isolation, the lack of experience, and training related. Barriers related with faculty are the result of the lack of staff training, the lack of support for distance learning, and the inadequate faculty selection for distance training. Barriers encountered by the organization are the infrastructure and technology related problems, and the present challenge. Heidi et al. (2002) examine the ideal combination of self-paced learning and interactivity is offered by distance education. Such learning requires online discussions, email support collaboration and interactive presentation of the students. All of which are possible through a healthy communication between participants and design groups for overcoming barriers to a successful delivery of distance learning courses. Asirvatham(2000) points out that opportunity to educate work force for all companies and industries could not be always possible in a classroom-oriented learning atmosphere for all to participate. Therefore, distance education becomes a powerful advantage to overcome great dis tance problems among the education institutions and people. Alternative ways oftechnology provide sufficient tools to establish a healthy communication and interaction among members in distance education. And regardless of all its problems, distance education is a good opportunity to compete with traditional classroom format. Eisinger(2000) points out that that education showed an evolution from chalk and blackboard education to distance online learning activities. The study defines adult educators and the importance of understanding learner’s autonomy as being instructors. In addition to this, there are some aspects like the lack of non-verbal cues which creates misunderstanding through the global interaction. Also, challenges to distance education are created due to the different needs and expectations of every learning environment. According to Berge (1998), impediments to online teaching and learning can be situational, epistemological, philosophical, psychological, pedagogical, technical, social, and cultural and include faceless teaching, fear of computers replacing faculty, diffusion of value traditionally placed on getting a degree, faculty culture, lack of an adequate time-frame to implement online courses. It is easy to go wrong when learning system is technologically advanced, there is resistant to change, and the lack of technological assistance is present. The most critical barriers, as Berge found in his survey, appear related to person’s resistance to or fear of the many changes that must occur at the individual and organizational level, the lack of support for the changing roles of students and teachers, and other barriers arising from difficulties in assessment. Berge (2001) also points out that toward the use of distance education organizations or administrations face different barriers. The study tries to find out if there is any unknown barrier to distance education which is different from technical and interaction problems. The emphasis of the research study is on designers or organizations of distance education and their reflective action to distance education. Muilenburg and Berge (2001) point out the underlying constructs that comprise barriers to distance educatio n in their exploratory factor analysis research. The ten factors found are administrative structure, organizational change, technical expertise, social interaction and quality, faculty compensation and time, threat of technology, legal issues, evaluation/effectiveness, access, and student support services. To determine these ten factors,they made a survey with sixty four different barrier items to 2054 members, and concluded that some barriers overlap with one or more different factors. Truman (1995) concludes that the methods and techniques to accomplish learning will be the most important. Those that eliminate communication barriers confront by nontraditional learners or students. In her study, that the delivery system in distance education may not be so important, she discussed the important barriers like money, equipment, time, student information perceptions and their understanding how the technology itself shapes the information it carries to differentiate junk information from facts. Pajo (2001) finds that the different roles of personal and attitude wise barriers predict current use and future intentions to adopt web-based technology. Current use of the technology is closely associated with personal barriers of those who lack competence in skills needed to use web-based delivery in their distance education. These personal barriers may hinder the individual from transferring his/her intentions into behavior. Leach and Walker (2000) argue that the instructor’s feedback to students is vital in distance education for their self-evaluation, task orientation, instructor support, and flexibility. Also they point out that the amount of student’s experience with technology is directly correlated in determining if technology used in distance education is a barrier. All technology concerns must be minimized, and the programs offered must be designed accordingly if a successful online education is to be attained. Cucek(2001) in his research study on distance education students he asks questions to Boise State University students in order to measure students` satisfaction with their distance education classes, perceived access to support services, and differences in their â€Å"classroom† behaviors in distance education and traditional face-to-face classes. The answers are mainly concentrated upon main problems (barriers) to the successful completion of their distance education courses. Almost all responses are related to course issues, time issues, personal issues, administrative, and technical issues. Course related barriers are the lack of interaction, course structure and accessing resources. Barriers related with time were the lack of time, personal commitments, and course work that takes too much time. Motivation and self-discipline comprised personal issues. The lack of expertise made up the technical problems.Finally, administrative problems are related to cost, course availability, obtaining course materials, and administrative support.

If Only She Had Listen to Me- Short Story

Friendship is a feeling of love of one person for another. Its not necessary to choose whom to be your friend,your best friend. The friendship between one person and another are always in different ways. The feelings, the sentiments are not similar.. I knew her since kindergarten. Her name is Kristen, she came from a rich family. She can easily have whatever she wants because she was the only child in her family. Her father is a successful business man. And her mother was a great spender. And I'm her best friend. She used to be a stubborn one and never listen to others.She always think that she is the perfect one and she was right. She would never listen to the advice. She is so herself. Because of her behavior , she seemed to be so lonely among friends. I bet nobody likes her in school , especially the discipline teacher. People were wondering how i could stand her behavior and still so good to her. What did she meant to me? Friend. I treat her as my best friend, because I knew that her attitude is different from her personalities. I knew that She has everything exept love. Kristen always turn up to amusement park instead of tuition class. he was lost in a materialistic life. Then she met a guy. She fell in love with a jobless guy. In my mind, true friend should involve in inspiring their friends to walk on the right path, no ridiculous mistakes. I've begging her not to simply fall I love with pleasure seeking guys. And I'm extraordinary sured that she was stepping on the thinnest ice. Which could ruin her in anytime. I told her to promise me that she would not do the wrong things, also respect her mother. â€Å"i promised, i will. † she had said. Of course, she wont. She started to absent for school. I were in her house on the day that her mum found out she played truant . Her mum loose control, then they scream and shout to each other after starting a conversation. The relationship between she and mother was very bad. No discussion between them but on ly quarreling all the time. I've been trying so hard to persuade her to be a obedient daughter , respect her mother. But she would never listen. Time after time she was trying to leave her house. I used to visit her so often , because I knew what she really lacked of. She was loosing her weight day after day. Get thin and thinner . Feature Article – Short Story  The Plane of the Sleeping BeautyI wondered why she dont satisfied of her body size. Until one Saturday night ! She hug and cried on my shoulder and babbling on everything's. That was the first time she did this to me since we met. I thought she was strong , but she wasn't . She felt she gain no love   but relatives and friends that looked down on her and parents that shouted to her oftentimes. The next morning, i had a sudden phone call from her mother, saying that she was missing. We tried so hard to find her on every single day. About one year later, Kristen returned in a thin, sick physical conditions.The scene in my mind is still so clear . Kristen was squatting on the floor in the kitchen,with hands on head. Her skin and lips were dry and her unfocused eyes filled with tears. She never stop snivel , and her nose was dripping like a water tap. I guessed I knew what had happened to her. My heart was suffocating , her mum cried on her :â₠¬  Kris ! I told you to behave ! And you! Why? Why did you do this ? † and I added , † I know you doesn't intend to become a drug addict . Kristen , come back back please. We will help you and your father is on the way home to help you !We will be with you. †Ã‚   Kristen spoke with a smile of despair † thank you ,my friend ,for everything. But , but it's too late , I'm pregnant . † she picked a knife from behind and stabbed herself on the stomach and blood ame out and she fell , faced Dow the floor. My heart stop beating for a few seconds and I heard she whispered . † I'm sorry , mother . † she close her eyes , blood dripping from her lifeless body . Death is simple , easy . Life is harder. What im thinking is, This incident won't go so bad if only she had listen to me.